Supreme Court of India - Indian Polity for All Competitive Exams

Supreme Court of India - Indian Polity

• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.
• It started functioning on Jan 28,1950. Its predecessor was the Federal court of India, which was created as per the Government of India Act 1935.
• Part V (Articles 124-147)of the Constitution deals with the Organisation, Jurisdiction and Powers of the Supreme Court.
• Originally,the Strength of supreme court was 1 Chief Justice & 7 other Judges.
• At Present,1 Chief Justice of India and 33 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

Qualification for the Judge of Supreme Court:

• Should be a Citizen of India.
• Should have been a judge of high court for 5 years or an advocate of high court for 10 years.
• Should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of President.

Appointment:

• The Chief Justice of India & judges of Supreme court are appointed by President.

Tenure:

• Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65.
• He can resign his office by writing to the President.
• He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of Parliament.

Salary:

• chief justice of supreme court : Rs. 2,80,000
• Supreme Court                      : Rs. 2,50,000
Chapter IV under Part V of the constitution (Union) deals with the The Union Judiciary. The constitution and jurisdiction of Supreme Court is stated in detail from articles 124-147. Unlike the other two branches, executive and legislature, in India Judiciary is integrated. This means that even though there may be High Courts in states, the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India (Article 141). Now let’s look into the details of each article dealing with the Union Judiciary.

Article	Details
Article 124	Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Article 125	Salaries of Judges.
Article 126	Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
Article 127	Appointment of ad hoc judges.
Article 128	Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
Article 129	Supreme Court to be a court of record.
Article 130	Seat of Supreme Court.
Article 131	Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Article 132	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
Article 133	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.
Article 134	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
Article 134 A	Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.
Article 135	Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
Article 136	Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court .
Article 137	Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
Article 138	Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Article 139	Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
Article 139 A	Transfer of certain cases.
Article 140	Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.
Article 141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
Article 142	Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
Article 143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
Article 144	Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court .
Article 144 A	Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws (Repealed).
Article 145	Rules of court.
Article 146	Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
Article 147	Interpretation.